Lyudmila Pavlyuchenko personal life husband children. "seeing four terrible scars on Lyudmila Pavlichenko’s back, President Roosevelt’s wife cried quietly." Great heroine of war

Native snipers Lyudmila Pavlichenko revealed the secrets of her biography and spoke about the Battle for Sevastopol that was shot about her.

The Russian-Ukrainian military drama “Battle for Sevastopol” gathered a record number of viewers - more than 830 thousand. The film by Sergei Mokritsky, released on the eve of the rental, is dedicated to female sniper Lyudmila Pavlichenko. In Greece, we found her granddaughter. She told why she was not at her grandmother’s funeral, about the friendship of the Soviet Lady Death with Eleanor Roosevelt and for what reasons she could not return to her homeland.

With her first husband, Lyudmila met at one of the dance evenings in the house of culture. Alexey Pavlichenko was older, skillfully courted and easily turned the head of a 15-year-old girl. After another evening, they fled to the garden. “Alexei took off his jacket and laid it under an old big tree. They sat nearby, hugged, and Lyudmila first kissed him herself. The best dancer of the city of Bila Tserkva (Kiev region. - Ed.) Regarded this as a signal for decisive action ”(from the book“ A Single Shot ”by Alla Begunova).

The next morning, after a night of passion, Alexey drove off to work in the Kherson region, and after another two months it turned out that the girl was pregnant. Parents supported Lyudmila in the decision to give birth, and soon the lovers got married. But the future dad did not live in the family. He saw his wife and son only a few months after the baby was born. Lyudmila looked rather indifferent and soon after this meeting filed for divorce.

“She never talked about her marriage,” says Alla Igorevna Begunova, a historian of the Russian army, a consultant for the film “The Battle of Sevastopol.” - The marriage documents of Lyudmila Mikhailovna are not reflected in the documents.

Despite such a young age and status as a single mother, Lyudmila was not afraid of difficulties. After hard housework and evening school, she went to the factory, where she worked as a grinder. The hands of the future sniper were almost the entire shift under cold water, from which the joints ached.

Dreaming of becoming a scientific researcher, the girl entered the university at the Faculty of History. After passing the next test with classmates, I went to the park, where there was a mobile shooting gallery. The first shots showed that she had real talent. The shooting instructor wrote a report to the rector, and literally a couple of days later she was sent to sniper courses.

In June 1941, Lyudmila went to the front: "Girls were not accepted into the army, and I had to go to all kinds of tricks to become a soldier too." As a result, Private Pavlichenko was enrolled in the 25th Rifle Division named after Vasily Chapaev.

Lyudmila Pavlichenko / family archive

“Mother did not know that her daughter went to the front,” says Alla Begunova. - A few months later she sent a letter home: "... I am a Red Army sniper, I have already annoyed the Romanians and Germans, and they sprinkled me, you bastards, with earth ..."

Already in one of the first battles, Pavlichenko replaced the deceased platoon commander, was shell-shocked by a shell exploding near ...

At 25, she married a junior lieutenant, partner sniper Leonid Kitsenko. During the next sniper intelligence Kitsenko was mortally wounded. Pavlichenko pulled him out of the battlefield, but the wounds were too severe - a few days later he died in the hospital.

The loss of a loved one for Lyudmila was a big blow. Her hands began to tremble, which was unacceptable for a sniper. The woman began to brutally take revenge, exterminating the enemies and teaching marksmanship to young fighters.

Work on the script “The Battle of Sevastopol” took about two years, the shooting took place from November 2013 to July 2014. The main role of Lyudmila Pavlichenko was lucky to play Julia Peresild. The actress was tested, being in the sixth month of pregnancy.

“In Yulia, I felt some immense power, as in the main character,” the director says. “For me, it feels like love.” Despite the fact that Julia was expecting a baby, she courageously coped with difficult physical and moral stress: she crawled on the ground in the heat with an automatic machine, and never gave in to difficulties. Yulina game is more than talent. She lived part of Pavlichenko’s life.

Lyudmila Pavlichenko and Eleanor Roosevelt / archive of the Library of Congress

“When the film was just launched, the name was one -“ The Battle of Sevastopol, ”Mokritsky says. - After the events of 2014 in Ukraine, it was decided to give a middle name to the picture - “Unmarked”, which means “Unbending”. The main thing is that the names accurately reflect the meaning of the picture. And many in Ukraine believe in it, which cannot but rejoice. Despite the fact that the team was from Russia and Ukraine, this did not affect the filming process. We were united by a common cause, despite the difficult political situation. Our cinema is more than cinema. This is the best Ukrainian cinema since independence. Together we are strength, but individually we cannot do anything.

Biographer Alla Begunova believes that Peresild does not at all look like Lyudmila Pavlichenko.

- Julia is the Baltic fair-haired bitch, and Ludmila is the southern one, she has brown eyes. Despite the fact that she was a sniper, she was inherent in emotionality, temperament, and a cheerful disposition. In one episode, she gives her famous speech: “Gentlemen, I am twenty-five years old. At the front, I already managed to destroy three hundred and nine fascist invaders. Do you not think, gentlemen, that you have been hiding behind my back for too long ?! ” Did people after the execution of these words in the interpretation of Peresild follow the heroine? Apparently, Sergey Mokritsky liked Julia, although on the set the Sevastopol residents did not very happily accept her. The actress is now actively enjoying fame, and Pavlichenko herself is neither hot nor cold from this.

On the Internet, many write that Lyudmila Mikhailovna was not a sniper at all.

“These people want to assert themselves at the expense of the deceased person,” Begunova says indignantly. - Lyudmila Pavlichenko was a sniper, and this is reflected in the documents. In 1942, the headquarters of the Primorsky Army issued a diploma, which is stored in the Central Museum of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation: "... a sniper fighter, senior sergeant Lyudmila Pavlichenko, who destroyed 252 fascists." She always fought for justice and often ran into conflict. Firstly, commanding a platoon, she always tried to ensure that her fighters were provided with good equipment. Secondly, both in the world and in the war it is full of envious people. Thirdly, she was not forgiven for a marriage with junior lieutenant Kitsenko (lower than her rank). Moreover, she had many fans, but she refused to everyone.

Lyudmila Pavlichenko with her granddaughter Alena / TASS

We spotted the granddaughter of Lyudmila Mikhailovna. Alena Pavlichenko lives in Greece with two children and is a member of the Union of Artists of Greece.

- Already lost the habit of Russia and would not want to return. Since 1989 Despite the fact that we are in a crisis, I have enough money. Of course, I would like to visit the grave of my grandmother and father. After all, the last time in Moscow was in 2005.

Alena Rostislavovna does not recognize Peresild as her grandmother.

- Of course, it is very nice that the country remembers the heroes. The “Battle for Sevastopol” shows the story from one angle, many particulars were not considered, unfortunately. The actress, of course, does not look like a grandmother. Yulia . It is evident that the actress is difficult to play.

The widow of Pavlichenko’s son, Lyubov Davydovna Krasheninnikova, a retired Interior Ministry major, also noted the dissimilarity of Yulia Peresild to her legendary mother-in-law:

- Lyudmila Mikhailovna was a sniper, but this does not mean that in life she is severe and restrained. On the contrary, he was a good-natured person. And the actress showed Pavlichenko silent and the same everywhere. Most of all I was struck by her cold relations with her family, as if she had been guilty of something. She loved her family very much and treated her with affection.

“The Battle of Sevastopol” (2015) / “Twentieth Century Fox CIS”

“My grandmother loved children very much and never punished me,” Pavlichenko’s granddaughter recalls with love. - We lived in perfect harmony. What was only one of her deep and tender eyes! Despite the fact that I was a pretty nimble child, she always forgave me everything. If I did something wrong, I raised an eyebrow and carefully looked into my eyes. It became clear that this should not be done - it was the worst punishment! She was always busy with something - on the road. I still can’t imagine how she survived the horror of the war! At home, we never talked about the war, and even she did not want to talk about it. This is scary. Nevertheless, after all, she managed to maintain tenderness, femininity and humanity.

Few people know that they wanted to name Alena Pavlichenko in honor of Eleanor Roosevelt.

- Grandmother was on friendly terms with Roosevelt and promised that she would call me in her honor. Eleanor remembered this and a month later we received a package with a silver spoon for babies engraved with "Eleanor Pavlichenko." Mom was against this name and decided to name me in honor of my great-grandmother - Elena Trofimovna. Grandmother affectionately called me Lenchik. By the way, I still have this spoon and my grandmother’s military takes it.

I remember that in my grandmother’s closet there was a photograph with a girl, and until I was seven years old, I thought it was my photo, Alena continues. - When I found out that this was another girl, I rolled up a scene of jealousy. She smiled, stroked her head and said that she loved me very much. Turns out it's just a girl from Canada. In general, the grandmother was very fond of children and never refused them a photograph or an autograph.

Mature Lyudmila Pavlichenko, her daughter-in-law Lyubov Davydovna, granddaughter Alena and her beloved son / family archive

Until the last day, Lyudmila Mikhailovna took care of her granddaughter.

- Shortly before her death, we lay together in the hospital, but in different departments. She could no longer get up because of swollen legs - they drove in a wheelchair. Despite the serious condition, she kept asking about me all the time, came to my room and wished me good health.

In the 70s, Lyudmila Mikhailovna became worse and worse. The injuries and injuries to the liver in the war made themselves felt.

“She was dying very hard and literally in the arms of her son,” says daughter-in-law Lyubov Davydovna. - Rostislav was very worried about his mother’s health. In order to take care of her, he quit his job and performed the duties of a nurse. He loved his mother very much and wanted to be with her until the last. Before leaving, she cursed and said: "I'm dying, Slavka!"

The hero of the Soviet Union died on October 27, 1974 and was buried in the Novodevichy cemetery.

“My parents informed me about her death - it was a huge blow,” the granddaughter recalls. - I could not come to the funeral and see in the coffin - I wanted to remember her alive. The last time on her grave was ten years ago.

The son of Pavlichenko - Rostislav - died at the 76th year of his life. In the country, he had a stroke. When the doctors arrived, they refused to take him to the intensive care unit, citing age. A week later, he died in a hospital.

Alena remembered her last visit to Russia for a long time, almost getting to jail.

The grave of Lyudmila Pavlichenko at the Novodevichy cemetery / personal archive of Lyubov Krasheninnikova

“Slava had a dagger and a small revolver on the wall that remained after the legendary mother,” the daughter-in-law says. - Alena decided to take them with her to Greece. When checking luggage at Sheremetyevo, she was detained, citing the illegal transport of weapons. After a while, they allegedly conducted an examination and found that the dirk and revolver are cultural values. A criminal case was brought against Alena under the article “Smuggling”; she was facing 7 years in prison. Glory was very worried, he wrote many letters, but to no avail.

“Indeed, I did not think that it was necessary to document these things,” Pavlichenko’s granddaughter regrets. “Moreover, they were taken from me.” After a while, I began to look for them, but their trace disappeared ...

Lyudmila Pavlyuchenko is a sniper whose biography contains a huge number of facts proving her invaluable contribution to the victory over the Nazis in the Great Patriotic War. On her account the destruction of 309 German soldiers and officers. Moreover, among the liquidated opponents there were 36 enemy snipers.

Childhood and youth

Date of birth - July 12, 1916. Place of birth is the Ukrainian city of Bila Tserkva. She studied at school number 3 located near the house. And when Lyudmila was 14 years old, the family moved to live in the capital of Ukraine, Kiev.

From childhood, the girl was distinguished by a fighting character and courage. She did not like games for girls, communicating mainly with boys. Lyudmila Pavlyuchenko’s father (Belova’s girlhood), who always dreamed of a son, was glad that his daughter was not inferior in strength and endurance to her peers - boys.

At the end of the ninth grade, Lyudmila went to work at the Arsenal plant, where she worked as a grinder. She managed to successfully combine work and study in 10th grade.

Lyudmila got married early. At the time of marriage, she was only 16 years old. Soon, the young couple had a son, Rostislav (died in 2007). But family life did not work out: after living together for several years, the couple divorced. But Lyudmila did not refuse the surname of her husband. The husband of Lyudmila Pavlyuchenko died at the beginning of the war.

First training

Working at the Arsenal plant, L. M. Pavlyuchenko began to frequently visit the shooting range. She has repeatedly heard boastful conversations of neighboring guys who talked about their exploits at the training ground. At the same time, they argued that only boys can shoot well, and girls can’t do it. The story of Lyudmila Pavlyuchenko as an arrow began precisely with the fact that she wanted to prove to these boastful guys that girls can shoot as well, if not better ...

In 1937, L. Pavlyuchenko went to study at Kiev University. Entering the Faculty of History, she dreamed of becoming a teacher or scientist.

When the war broke out

At the time of the invasion of the Germans and Romanians in the USSR, Lyudmila, the future hero of the USSR, lived in Odessa, where she arrived for graduation. She decided to join the army, but the girls were not taken there. To get into the army, she had to prove her courage and willingness to fight enemies. Once the officers arranged a strength test for Lyudmila. They gave her a gun and showed them to two Romanians who collaborated with the Nazis. She was seized with anger at these people, bitterness for those whom they had taken their lives. Then she shot them both. After this impromptu task, she was finally accepted into the army.

The rank of Private Pavlyuchenko Lyudmila Mikhailovna was ranked as the 25th Infantry Division. Vasily Chapaev. She wanted to be at the front as quickly as possible. Realizing that there she would have to shoot to kill, Lyudmila still did not know how she would behave when faced with the enemy face to face. But there was no time to think and reflect. On the first day, she had to raise a weapon. Fear paralyzed her, the Mosin rifle (7.62 mm caliber) with a 4x magnification trembled in her hands.

  Technical characteristics of a sniper rifle arr. 1930 year:

Caliber: 7.62 mm

· Weight: 4.27 kg;

· Muzzle velocity: 865 m / s;

· Length: 1230 mm;

· Magazine capacity: 5 rounds;

· Sighting range: 1300-2000 m;

· Rate of fire: 10 rounds per minute;

· Type of loading: manual.

Sight specifications:

· Increase: 3.5 times;

· Exit pupil diameter: 6 mm;

· Field of view: 4 ° 30 ′;

· Removal of the exit pupil from the surface of the eyepiece lens

· Makes 72 mm;

· Resolving power: 17 ″;

· Sight length: 169 mm;

· Sight weight: 0.270 kg.

But when she saw a young soldier falling dead next to her, struck by a German bullet, she regained self-confidence and shot. Now nothing could stop her.

First assignments

Lyudmila firmly decided to take sniper courses. Having successfully finished them, the second lieutenant Pavlyuchenko opened her combat account. Then near Odessa she had to replace the platoon commander who had fallen in battle. She, sparing no strength, destroyed the hated fascists until she received a shell shock from a shell bursting near. Her morale was not broken even by hellish pain. She continued to fight on the battlefield ...

In October 1941, the Primorsky Army was transferred to the Crimea, where Lyudmila, along with her colleagues, began to defend Sevastopol.

Every day, as soon as the sun began to rise, Lyudmila Pavlyuchenko, a sniper, whose biography is filled with events proving her loyalty to the Motherland, went “hunting.” For hours and hours, and in the heat, and in the cold, she was in ambush, waiting for the appearance of the "target". There were times when you had to duel with venerable cruel German snipers. But thanks to endurance, endurance, lightning-fast reaction, she again and again emerged victorious even from the most difficult situations.

World War II snipers are poetically called the angels of death, and one glamorous magazine has recently ranked among the bloodiest killers. But you look at Pavlichenko’s face - beautiful, feminine, look for the seal of death, and stumble upon the soft look of large and glowing eyes.

In addition to stunning vision, sniper Pavlichenko had a delicate hearing and developed intuition. She learned to feel the forest as if she were a beast. Time after time she returned unscathed from the neutral strip, slipping from under the nose of the Fritz. They chatted as if a sniper was charmed by death by a healer and as if he hears everything within a radius of half a kilometer. And she memorized ballistic tables by heart, accurately calculated the distance to the object and the correction for the wind.

Unequal battle

Often, Luda went on combat missions with Leonid Kutsenko. They began serving in the division almost simultaneously. Some of their colleagues said that the front wife of Leonid Kutsenko was precisely Lyudmila Pavlyuchenko. She did not have a personal life before the war. It is possible that these two heroic people were really close.

Once, having received an order from the command to destroy the enemy command post discovered by the scouts, they quietly made their way to the specified area, lay in a dugout and waited for a convenient moment. Finally, unsuspecting German officers appeared in the field of view of snipers. They did not have time to approach the dugout, when they were hit by two precise shots. But the noise from the fall was heard by other soldiers and officers of the Nazi army. There were a lot of them, but Lyudmila and Leonid, changing positions, destroyed them all one by one. Having laid down many enemy officers and signalmen, Soviet snipers forced the enemy to leave their command post.

The death of Leonid Kutsenko

German intelligence systematically informed the command of the activities of Soviet snipers. They were fiercely hunted, numerous traps were arranged.

Once a pair of brave Russian snipers, at that moment in ambush, was discovered. By Pavlyuchenko and Kutsenko, hurricane mortar fire was opened. A mine exploded near, and Leonid's arm was torn off. Lyudmila made a seriously wounded friend and made her way to her. But, no matter how hard the field doctors tried, Leonid Kutsenko died from serious wounds.

The bitterness of losing a loved one further strengthened Lyudmila in the desire to exterminate her sworn enemies. She not only took on the most difficult combat missions, but also taught young fighters to shoot, trying to give the maximum of her invaluable sniper experience.

During the defensive battles, she raised more than a dozen good shooters. They, following the example of their mentor, defended their homeland.

In the mountains

On a rocky territory near Sevastopol, winter came. Acting in the conditions of a mountain war, L. Pavlyucheno was ambushed under cover of night. From three o’clock in the morning she hid in dense fog, now in mountain ledges, then in moist hollows. Sometimes the wait dragged on for many hours, or even days. But it was impossible to rush. It was necessary to go the road of patience, counting every step ahead. If you find yourself, then there will be no salvation.

It happened somehow that on Bezymyannaya alone she was against six machine gunners. Noticing it the day before, when Pavlyuchenko destroyed her soldiers in an unequal battle, the Germans sat on the road. It would seem that Lyudmila was doomed, because there were six fascists, and at any moment they could notice her and destroy her. But even the weather stood up for her. A thick fog descended on the mountains, which allowed our sniper to find a convenient place for an ambush. But there still had to be reached. Moving in a Plastonic fashion, Lyudmila Mikhailovna crawled to her cherished goal. But the Germans did not lose their stubbornness and persistently shot at it. One bullet almost hit the temple, the other went through the top of the cap. After that, instantly assessing the whereabouts of the opponents, Pavlyuchenko fired two accurate shots. She answered both the one who almost hit her in the temple, and the one who almost put a bullet in her forehead. The surviving four Nazis continued hysterical shooting. They chased her, but crawling away, she killed three more one after another. One of the Germans fled. She saw the bodies of the dead, but, fearing that one of them was pretending to be dead, she did not dare to immediately crawl to them. At the same time, Lyudmila realized that the one who ran away could bring other machine gunners about to. And again the fog thickened. She nevertheless decided to crawl to the enemies she had struck. They were all dead. Picking up the weapons of the slain (machine gun and light machine gun), she hid in time in an ambush. A few more German soldiers approached. They again began to randomly fire, and she shot at once from several types of weapons. Thus, the Soviet sniper tried to convince the enemies that more than one person was fighting with them. Gradually moving away, she was able to hide from opponents and survive in this unequal battle.

Lyudmila Pavlyuchenko - Hero of the USSR

TTD SVT40

• rifle caliber - 7.62;
• 3.8 kg weapon weight without bayonet and ammunition;
• cartridge caliber - 7.62x54 mm;
• rifle length - 1 m 23 cm;
• standard rate of fire - from 20 to 25 rounds per minute;
• initial bullet speed - 829 meters per second;
• sight range - up to 1.5 km;
• the store holds 10 ammunition.

  PU sight

Magnification: 3.5x
   Field of view: 4 ° 30 ′
   Exit pupil diameter: 6 mm
   Aperture: 36
   Exit pupil removal: 72 mm
   Length: 169 mm
   Weight: 270g
   Resolution power: 17 ′ ′

Pavlyuchenko was soon transferred to a neighboring regiment. Hitler's sniper, who killed many Soviet soldiers and officers, was operating on its territory. Also, two sniper regiments died from his bullet. For more than a day there was a silent battle between the German gunner and the Soviet sniper. But the Hitler fighter, accustomed to sleeping in the dugout, was exhausted faster than Lyudmila. And although her whole body ached from the cold and damp, she turned out to be more agile, literally for a split second ahead of the enemy who was aiming at her.

Having struck him with a deadly bullet, Lyudmila Alexandrovna crawled up and took a sniper book from her fascist’s pocket. From her, she learned that it was the famous “Dunkirk”, which killed more than 500 English, French and Soviet soldiers.

By that time, numerous wounds and concussions had worsened Lyudmila’s condition so much that she was forcibly sent by submarine to the mainland.

Since October 25, 1943 Lyudmila Pavlyuchenko - Hero of the Soviet Union. Later, in the direction of the Main Political Directorate, she visited with the Soviet delegation in Canada and the United States of America.

During her visit overseas, Pavlichenko attended a reception at the US President Franklin Delano Roosevelt  and even lived for some time in the White House at the invitation of his wife Eleanor Roosevelt.

The women became friends. One remarkable fact. Not knowing English, Lyudmila always spoke in Russian. But for the sake of communicating with Eleanor Roosevelt, she learned English. Then there was a long correspondence. In 1957, an American came to visit Pavlichenko.

In the meantime, the president’s wife, as the first lady of America, organized a trip around the country for the Soviet representatives. Lyudmila performed in Washington, New York.

The delegation was received by President Roosevelt. At a press conference, Lyudmila made a splash. "What colour linen  you prefer?" - The questions of the journalists were more provocative than the other. The sniper was not at a loss: “For a similar question in our country, you can get by physiognomy. Come, come closer ... ”The next day, all the US newspapers wrote about her.

But most of all she was remembered in Chicago. It must be said that by that time the Soviet Union, as never before, needed the opening of a Second Front. The Western partners in the anti-fascist coalition were not in a hurry with its opening. This was what Pavlichenko spoke about. “Gentlemen,” she said, “I am twenty-five years old. At the front, I managed to destroy 309 fascist invaders. Don't you think that you have been hiding behind my back for too long ?! ” The crowd of many thousands stood still, and then exploded with applause and cries of approval.

In America, she was presented with colt, and in Canada - a hard drive.

"Lady Death"- Americans delightedly called her, and country singer Woody Guthrie wrote the song “Miss Pavlichenko” about her.

IN   summer heat, cold snowy winter
   In any weather, you track down the enemy
   The world will love your sweet face, just like me
   After all, more than three hundred Nazi dogs fell from your weapons ...

In Canada, the Soviet military delegation was welcomed by several thousand Canadians gathered at the Toronto United Station.

Upon her return, Lyudmila Pavlyuchenko, a sniper whose biography has become an example for many brave fighters, serves as an instructor at the Shot school sniper school.

Post-war years

After the war, having graduated from Kiev University, this legendary Soviet woman works as a researcher in the General Staff of the Navy. There she worked until 1953.

Later, her work was related to assisting war veterans. She was also one of the members of the Association of Friendship with the Peoples of Africa, having repeatedly visited many African countries.

Memory

Until the end of her life, Lyudmila Pavlyuchenko was the symbol of heroism, stamina and courage of a Russian woman. Children from the pioneer organization, with whom she often talked, liked to listen to her stories about the war. They gave her a slingshot, which was stored in the small museum of L. Pavlyuchenko for many years. In addition to this memorable gift, awards and souvenirs handed to Lyudmila on numerous business trips were stored there.

The grave of Pavlyuchenko Lyudmila Mikhailovna, who passed away on October 27, 1974, is located in Moscow at the Novodevichy Cemetery.

Pavlichenko Lyudmila Mikhailovna, born July 12, 1916 in the city of Bila Tserkva, Kiev region, died 1974. Ukrainian, the most successful Soviet sniper since the Second World War, the Soviet Union.

Feat of Lyudmila Pavlichenko.

  - The most successful sniper in history.

During the war, Lyudmila was the only sniper to account for 309 German soldiers, including several dozen officers. " When I went to war, at first I was only angry that the Germans violated our peaceful life. But everything that I saw later gave rise to a feeling of unquenchable hatred in me that it is difficult to express it with anything other than a bullet in the heart of the Nazi"Said the sniper;

The achievements of Lyudmila Pavlichenko surpassed not only all the women's achievements of snipers, but also the majority of men's ones;

There is a version that Lyudmila Pavlichenko had a special structure of the eyeball. In addition to stunning vision, she had a delicate hearing and excellent intuition. She learned to feel the forest as if she were a beast. It was said that she was charmed by death by a healer and as if she hears everything within a radius of half a kilometer. And she memorized ballistic tables by heart, accurately calculated the distance to the object and the correction for the wind;

In October 1941, the Primorsky Army was transferred to. For 250 days and nights, in collaboration with the Black Sea Fleet, she heroically fought with superior enemy forces, defended Sevastopol;

Once Lyudmila entered into combat with 5 German machine gunners. Only one managed to escape;

Pavlichenko and her lover Leonid Kitsenko were instructed to get to the German command post and destroy the officers who were there. Having suffered losses, enemies from mortars fired at the place where the snipers were. But Lyudmila and Leonid, changing their position, continued to conduct well-aimed fire. The enemy was forced to leave his command post;

During the execution of combat missions by snipers, the most unexpected incidents often occurred. About one of them Lyudmila once told herself: “ Once 5 snipers went into a night ambush. We passed the front edge of the enemy and disguised ourselves in a bush by the road. In 2 days, we managed to exterminate 130 Nazi soldiers and 10 officers. Angry Nazis sent a company of machine gunners against us. One platoon began to go around the height on the right, and the other on the left. But we quickly changed our position. The Nazis, not understanding what was the matter, began to shoot at each other, and the snipers safely returned to their unit».

Awards of Lyudmila Pavlichenko.

Gold Star Medal of the Hero of the Soviet Union;

Two Orders of Lenin;

Lots of medals.

On March 16, 1942, a rally of snipers was held. Among the speakers was Lyudmila Pavlichenko. On her account, there were still 187 Nazis killed, in Sevastopol, by this time, she had managed to liquidate 72 Germans. It was on this day that she vowed to kill at least 300 enemies. By July of this year, her personal “account” had reached 309 killed German soldiers and officers.

« They do not shun anything, German soldiers and officers. Everything human is alien to them. There is no word in our language that would define their vile essence. What can be said about the German, in the bag of which I saw a doll and toy watch taken from our child? How can you call him a man, a warrior? Not! This is a rabid jackal, which must be destroyed to save our children"- said Lyudmila, explaining what exactly prompted her to exterminate the Germans;

When Lyudmila was 15 years old, and she bore the name Belova, she fell in love with Andrei Pavlichenko, who was much older than her. However, soon their romance was interrupted, but Lyudmila was pregnant. Then her father, who at that time was an officer of the NKVD, found the father of the child and forced him to marry. Nevertheless, Lyudmila and Andrey could not create a strong one, the couple broke up. Lyudmila hated her ex so much that when he tried to repent, she refused to listen to him, did not even want to pronounce his name. She was going to get rid of the name of Pavlichenko, but the war prevented the file for divorce;

At the front, Lyudmila Pavlichenko met with another sniper, Alexei Kitsenko. It was him who, until the end of her days, the sniper recalled as true love. The couple even submitted a report to the management, in which they told about their desire to marry. Nevertheless, this was not destined to happen, because Alexei died during the assignment along with his lover. He was seriously wounded, and Lyudmila carried him from the battlefield in her own hands. It was not possible to save the man. Then real anger leaped up in Lyudmila, and, in addition to destroying the Germans, she also undertook to teach the soldiers sniper skills and everything that she knew. Thanks to her, the Soviet army appeared several more excellent snipers.

American country singer Woody Guthrie wrote the song "Miss Pavlichenko" about her;

Lyudmila Pavlichenko learned English, because during her visit, she became very friends with the wife of American President Franklin Roosevelt, Eleanor Roosevelt. They corresponded for many years. And in 1957, Eleanor even flew to visit Lyudmila in Moscow;

In April 2015, the Battle for dedicated to Lyudmila Pavlichenko was released. The Ukrainian side financed the film by 79%, the Russian - by the remaining 21%. However, due to the Russian-Ukrainian conflict in the territory, this film was released under the name "Indestructible";

In this tape, Lyudmila Pavlichenko is presented as an ethnic Ukrainian. In the film, she even sings a song in Ukrainian. However, the Russian side believes that such data is incorrect, since supposedly Lyudmila always called herself a Russian soldier. Nevertheless, there is no evidence for this.

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Pages or groups dedicated to Lyudmila Pavlichenko were not found in the social network.

Biography of Lyudmila Pavlichenko.

Until the age of 14, Lyudmila studied in the White Church, after which she and her family moved to Kiev;

Studying in the 9th grade, Lyudmila worked at the same time as a grinder at the Arsenal plant;

1932 - Lyudmila, whose maiden name was Belova, married Alexei Pavlichenko, in the same year gave birth to a son. Soon the marriage was dissolved;

1937 - enters the Faculty of History of Taras Shevchenko Kiev State University. She began to get involved in gliding and shooting sports;

Lyudmila was in Odessa in graduation practice, when the Second World War began. Without hesitation for a long time, literally in the first days of the war Pavlichenko volunteered for the front;

Passes short-term sniper courses, after which he finds himself in the ranks of the 25th Chapaev Infantry Division. She took part in the battles that took place on the territory of Moldova. It was involved in the defense of Sevastopol and Odessa;

June 1942 - was wounded, after which she was sent with a delegation to the United States and. During the visit, she met with Franklin Roosevelt, then president of the United States.

July 1942 - on the account of Lyudmila Pavlichenko there were already 309 killed Germans, including 36 officers. In addition, Lyudmila also trained a large number of snipers;

After the end of the war, Lyudmila defended her diploma at Kiev University, and also became a senior research fellow at the General Staff of the Navy;

1956 - transferred to work in the Soviet Committee of War Veterans;

Lyudmila Pavlichenko was buried in Moscow at the Novodevichy cemetery.

Perpetuating the memory of Lyudmila Pavlichenko.

1976 - in honor of the 60th anniversary of Pavlichenko, a postage stamp with its image was published;

1976 - in honor of Lyudmila Pavlichenko, a vessel of the Ministry of Fisheries was named and launched, which in 1996 was scrapped;

In Sevastopol and the White Church there are streets named after Lyudmila Pavlichenko. By the way, in the White Church on this street there is also a school in which the sniper trained. Directly in it is a museum dedicated to Lyudmila Pavlichenko.

How often do users from Ukraine look for information about Lyudmila Pavlichenko in a search engine?

As you can see from the photo, users of the search engine in September 2015 were interested in the query "lyudmila Pavlichenko" 859 times.

And according to this, you can trace how the interest of Yandex users in the query “Lyudmila Pavlichenko” has changed over the past two years:

The highest interest on this request was recorded in May 2015 (about 12.5 thousand requests);

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During the war, the Nazis called our countrywoman - the famous sniper - the Bolshevik Valkyrie, and American, Canadian and British journalists - the queen of fire, Lady Death and sniper No. 1

On the occasion of the 70th anniversary of the Victory over fascism, Russian and Ukrainian filmmakers gave our veterans and everyone who is not indifferent to the heroic past of the Fatherland a present - a feature film “Nezlamna” about the legendary sniper Lyudmila Pavlichenko, who destroyed 309 fascist soldiers and officers during the war and prepared for the army dozens of new well-aimed marksmen.

Lyudmila Mikhailovna is also interested in the Ukrainian audience because she is our fellow countrywoman, originally from the Bila Tserkva, lived and studied in Kiev in the pre-war years, and left Odessa for the front. Why did the fragile girl choose the non-female profession of a sniper? How did the war affect its future fate? On the eve of the anniversary, the FACTS correspondent told about this doctor of Historical Sciences Vladimir Fedorovsky.

"The war prevented divorcing the unloved first husband and returning the surname of Belov"

- Luda’s youth passed in the 30s of the last century,- says Vladimir Fedorovsky. - Still, as they say, the smoke of the civil war did not dissipate, and the prerequisites for a new war appeared in the socio-political life of our and other countries. So that young people, even before being drafted into the army, can master military specialties, the Soviet Union created Osoaviahim - the Society for the Assistance to Defense, Aviation and Chemical Construction. In his schools, flying clubs, courses, young men and women learned to drive cars, fly gliders and planes, own weapons, studied radio business ...

Once, walking with fellow students in the Shevchenko park, Lyudmila (at that time a student of the history department of Kiev University) looked into the shooting range to shoot from a small-caliber rifle. When the guys fired back, the elderly owner of the shooting range asked whose fourth target. “Mine,” Luda said confusedly. She had not yet seen her results and was afraid that she would be scolded. “For excellent shooting, Osoaviahim rewards you with the right to make an additional free shot!” - said the man and handed the cartridge to the girl. Luda again hit almost the top ten.

Soon she became a student of the Kiev school of snipers Osoaviahima. The senior instructor of the school was the same shooting officer - Alexander Vladimirovich Potapov, a former non-commissioned officer of the Life Guards of the Jaeger Regiment of the imperial army, and during the years of the Civil War - the red commander who was fired from service after being seriously wounded. By the way, Lyudmila's father was also a participant in the civil war. He fought along with Vasily Chapaev, was awarded the Order of the Red Banner.

Alexander Potapov turned out to be a good teacher. He taught Luda and her comrades how to move correctly on the battlefield, disguise themselves, watch for hours the enemy, who also knows how to be invisible, how to detect the enemy by the smallest changes in the situation, the terrain, how to remember all the details. To do this, he forced the girls and boys to observe, for example, the construction site, and then tell how many workers there were, who did what, what they did in a day. After such a tiring lesson, Potapov went with his wards to the forest, to Pushcha Voditsa, where the cadets practiced shooting. Once a teacher showed the students a breathtaking focus. It is called “knock out the bottom of the bottle.” He put a bottle of lemonade on the stump so that the neck opening looked at the arrow, and shot from a fairly decent distance from a regular Mosin rifle of 1891/1930 model. The bullet went through the hole and knocked out the bottom of the bottle so that the bottle itself remained intact. Pavlichenko soon also learned to repeat this trick.

In June 1941, Luda graduated from the fourth year, she wanted to write a study about Bohdan Khmelnitsky. Immediately after the exams, she went to Odessa, where she lived in a student dormitory and worked in a public library.

Her nine-year-old son asked to go to the sea to the sea with her. By the way, the film does not mention that the 25-year-old student had a child. The fact is that Lyudmila's personal life was not easy. At fifteen, when Luda was in eighth grade and lived with her parents in the White Church, the schoolgirl met in dance with a student at an agricultural institute - the handsome and beloved of women Alexei Pavlichenko, who was much older than her. The girl fell in love at first sight and soon became pregnant. Lyuda’s father (at that time an NKVD officer) Mikhail Belov tracked down Alexei and forced him to get married. Lyudmila gave birth to a boy whom she named Rostislav, Rostik. But Pavlichenko was a dishonorable man and their life together did not work out.

Mikhail Belov was soon transferred to serve in Kiev. Here the girl went to work at the Arsenal plant, graduated from evening school. Perhaps this is what allowed then to write in the questionnaires that her origin is from workers. The family tried not to advertise the fact that Lyudmila's mother, from a noble family, was a highly educated woman, instilled in her daughter a love of knowledge, foreign languages. In fact, it was the grandmother who raised her grandson, the son of Luda, in whom she did not look for souls.

Lyudmila hated the father of her child so that when he tried to repent, she gave him a turn from the gate, did not even want to pronounce his name. She was going to get rid of the name of Pavlichenko, but the war prevented her from seeking a divorce. Already at the front, near Sevastopol, she met a new, true love - her commander and sniper, also Alexei, Kitsenko. Luda called him only Lesha or Lenya.

Kitsenko soon died. Covering himself with Lyudmila during the shelling, he was mortally wounded. The sniper profession is very dangerous. Sometimes, after the first shots, the enemy opened targeted return fire. If the sniper did not have time to change his position in time, this could cost him his life.

“The Nazis often shouted:“ Lyudmila, come to us! With us you will not need anything ... "

- In 1942 (at that time Lyudmila was already famous) Pavlichenko and another sniper - Hero of the Soviet Union Vladimir Pchelintsev - were sent to America to the international student forum as part of the delegation of Soviet youth,- continues the historian. - There, a fragile girl in a military uniform really liked Eleanor Roosevelt - the wife of the US president. The first lady invited Lyudmila to live in the White House for several days - she wanted to get to know the Soviet woman better. And once, when Luda changed clothes, having seen four terrible scars on her back, the first lady of the country cried quietly. Pavlichenko, after all, had several injuries and a concussion. Enemy snipers were hunting her.

* Arrived in 1942 with the Soviet delegation to America Pavlichenko really liked Eleanor Roosevelt - the wife of the president of the United States. And the first lady invited Lyudmila to live for several days in the White House

Once, none of our snipers and observers for a long time could not determine where the enemy shooter is hiding. And only Lyudmila managed to detect him. In such cases, she often resorted to a rather risky method - she caused fire on herself: she lifted a helmet or a rag doll in a commanding cap over the parapet of the trench on the shoulder blade. After the Hitler’s shot, she or her team-mate watched the target and returned fire. But then Pavlichenko found a completely incomprehensible tactic: the enemy skillfully disguised himself and, finding a victim, left his shelter, approached the target, finding himself where no one was waiting for him, then shot and disappeared just as quickly. Of course, he did not leave Lyudmila's bullet. From his documents they learned that this fascist had fought in Western Europe since 1939, he had more than five hundred (!) Officers and soldiers killed on his account.

During the first months of the war and defense of Odessa (and Luda came to the military commissariat on June 22), she destroyed 179 fascists. By July 1942, that is, in a year, it had brought the score to 309. Unfortunately, there are currently no official documents confirming this achievement.

But the fact that the young woman really fought bravely is a fact. Often, along with other snipers or scouts, went to the enemy rear and destroyed the enemy there. Once thanks to her well-aimed shooting, the comrades defeated the headquarters of the German military unit and seized valuable documents. The fame of her exploits spread across many fronts. The commander of the Primorsky Army, General Ivan Efimovich Petrov, presented Ludmila with an inscribed semi-automatic rifle SVT-40 (Tokarev self-loading rifle) with an optical sight. She had a store for ten rounds, it was not necessary to distort the bolt after each shot, which allowed to significantly increase the rate of fire. With this rifle we see Pavlichenko in most newspaper photographs. But on combat exits, Lyudmila and other experienced snipers took the good old “three-ruler” - simpler and more reliable, with greater lethal force. These weapons were not afraid of sand and dirt that got into the mechanism.

By the way, in the Central Museum of the Armed Forces of Russia, among the personalities of the famous sniper there is a Canadian winchester with a telescopic sight and even an ordinary boy’s slingshot, which was presented to Lyudmila by pioneers of Sevastopol with the words: “Aunt Luda, if you suddenly run out of ammo ...”

Not only ours knew about Lyudmila Pavlichenko, but also those who could become her new victims. The Nazis often shouted to the sniper: “Lyudmila, come to us! With us you will not need anything ... ”But in return they received bullets ...

In the summer of 1942, after a failure on the Kerch Peninsula, the Soviet command surrendered to the enemy Sevastopol, which our soldiers, sailors and officers defended for 250 days and nights. Lyudmila Pavlichenko, who had received another wound by that time, General Petrov ordered the evacuation in a submarine. After treatment, she was no longer allowed to the front, she worked in the rear.

“Gentlemen, do you not think that you have been hiding behind my back for too long?”

- The United States, as you know, was in no hurry to open a second front- says the scientist. - They sent volunteers to the UK - pilots, sailors, air defense specialists. And America helped the Soviet Union only with material resources, supplying tanks, planes, automobiles, food products through Lend-Lease. Despite this, it was very difficult for the Soviet country to fight: Hitler, for whom the industry of occupied Europe worked, reached Moscow, Leningrad, Stalingrad and the Caucasus. Therefore, the Soviet government sent to the United States and diplomats, and representatives of various organizations that were supposed to shape public opinion about the need to provide military assistance to the USSR.

The Americans received the Soviet guests mostly in a friendly manner. But there were those who considered the Union exclusively a hotbed of Bolshevism. They tried to reduce the program of meetings and statements of our delegations. “Miss Pavlichenko,” said the mayor of Chicago to Ludmila, who arrived in the USA in 1942. “You are so young, you need to enjoy life, and not waste time on long and fruitless conversations.” Have time when you grow old. Three minutes is enough for you ... ”“ Even one minute is enough for me, Mr. Mayor, ”the girl smiled. “Gentlemen! - Luda turned from the rostrum to the crowd of thousands. - I am 25 years old, and I have already managed to destroy 309 fascists at the front. Don't you think that you have been hiding behind my back for too long? ” The crowd froze, and a minute later it exploded with a standing ovation.

... In 1944, Lyudmila continued her studies at the university. But even after graduation she remained in the army for some time. She reached the rank of major. She taught tactics of conducting sniper fire in military schools. After the discharge, she switched to social work: she was a member of the presidium of the Committee of Soviet Women and the Soviet Peace Committee.

She got married, raised a son. True, in the film the boy is shown as the son of her husband Alexey Kitsenko, who died near Sevastopol. To emphasize the optimistic, life-affirming idea of \u200b\u200bthe picture, its creators in this case resorted to fiction.

Hero of the Soviet Union Died Lyudmila Mikhailovna Pavlichenko early - in 1974, at 58 years old. The fragile woman’s health was undermined by long lying on cold damp earth, stress, injuries and shell shocks. And in peacetime - numerous meetings and receptions. No, war is still not a female affair.

iov75   in the post Unfictional stories of women about the war .
In 1916, in the town of Bila Tserkva in Ukraine, a beautiful girl Lyudmila Pavlyuchenko was born. A little later, her family moved to Kiev. After graduating from the ninth grade, Lyudmila worked as a grinder at the Arsenal plant and simultaneously studied in the tenth grade, completing secondary education.
  In 1937 she entered the history department of Kiev State University. A student, like many then, was engaged in glider and shooting sports. The Great Patriotic War found Lyudmila in Odessa at graduation practice. From the very first days of the war, Lyudmila Pavlichenko volunteered for the front.
  Lieutenant Pavlichenko fought in the 25th Chapaev Infantry Division. Participated in battles in Moldova, in the defense of Odessa and Sevastopol. By June 1942, on the account of Lyudmila Mikhailovna Pavlichenko, there were already 309 destroyed German soldiers and officers. In a year! For example, Matthias Hetzenauer, who was probably the most successful German sniper of the Second World War in four years of the war - 345.
  In June 1942, Lyudmila was wounded. Having barely recovered, she was sent with a delegation to Canada and the United States. During the trip, she was at a reception with the President of the United States, Franklin Roosevelt. Many then remembered her performance in Chicago. " Gentlemen- rang out over a crowd of thousands of voiced voices. - I am twenty five years old. At the front, I already managed to destroy three hundred and nine fascist invaders. Don't you gentlemen think that you have been hiding behind my back for too long?! " The crowd froze for a minute, and then exploded in the frantic noise of approval ...
  After returning, Major Pavlichenko served as an instructor at the Shot school sniper school. October 25, 1943 Ludmila Pavlichenko was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union. After the war in 1945, Lyudmila Mikhailovna graduated from Kiev University. From 1945 to 1953 she was a researcher at the General Staff of the Navy. Later she worked in the Soviet Committee of War Veterans. She died on October 27, 1974 in Moscow. She was buried at the Novodevichy cemetery.
  Take a look at her pretty face.

For myself, I have long understood why in difficult situations women are often tougher and more desperate than men. Men since ancient times one way or another competed: hunting, tournaments ... And also since ancient times, if a woman had to pick up arms, it means that at the entrance to the cave or at the gates of the castle there were no more living defenders of men. Historically and from the point of view of nature, a woman is the last frontier of defense, behind her only children and decrepit old people, and there is no one to help her. This is the attitude we are fighting if we suddenly have to fight. It cannot be otherwise, it is against our nature.

Now the trolls and those close to them, asserting that the woman’s place is “Kinder, Kirchen, Kyukhen,” will attack. I’ll tell all of them at once, so that later I’ll ban: "And who are you to show us our place? I can not answer, answer yourself."